Unit Three
Section A
Part one: New words
1. publicity n. 1. [U] public notice or attention 公众的注意；名声
The film actress's marriage got a lot of publicity.
这位女电影演员的婚姻引起了公众的极大关注。
seek/avoid publicity 追求/避免公众注意
2. [U] (business of) providing information in order to attract public attention; advertising（商业）广告，宣传，宣扬
The concert wasn't given much advance publicity, so many tickets remained unsold. 音乐会事先没有做很多宣传，所以许多票没有卖出去。
The publicity material sent out by the company stressed their concern for the environment.
这个公司散发的宣传材料强调了他们对环境的关心。
public a. 公众的，大众的，公用的，公共的 n. 公众，民众
publicly adv. 公开地，公然地；以公众名义地，由公众所同意地
publicize vt. 引起公众对…的注意，引人注意；宣传
publish v. publication n.
2. cultivate vt. 1. develop and improve 培养，陶冶，发展
At this school we aim to cultivate the minds of all the children we teach. 在这所学校里，我们旨在陶冶学生的心灵。
She seems to spend her life trying to cultivate her career.
她的一生似乎都在成就其事业。
2. prepare and use (land, soil, etc.) for growing crops 耕种,耕作
Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate.
那里的大部分土地太贫瘠，无法耕种。
cultivation n. 耕种；栽培，教化，促进；养殖；
cultivator n. 耕种者，培养者；开拓者，研究者
cultivated a. 耕种的，种植的；栽培过的，有教养的，优雅的
cultivable=cultivatable a. 可耕种的，可培养的，可启发的，可栽培的
3. comprehensive a. that includes (nearly) everything综合的，全面的，广泛的
a comprehensive test 综合测试
She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她对该问题有全面的理解。
a guide book giving comprehensive information on the area 一本提供了该地区综合信息的导游书
*Compare: comprehensible a. easy to understand 能理解的；易了解的
The book is written in clear, comprehensible language. 这本书写得明了易懂。
comprehend vt. 领悟,理解；了解；包含,包括
comprehension n. 领悟,理解；包含,包括
4. controversial a. causing disagreement or discussion 有争议的，引起争议的
a controversial TV program 有争议的电视节目
a controversial new law 有争议的新法律
He is a controversial person. 他是一个很有争议的人。
He wrote a very controversial book but I think he's since regretted it. 他写了一本很有争议的书，但我想他随后就后悔了。
controversy n. 争论，辩驳；争议，争吵
5. suspend vt. 1. stop or cause to be not active暂停，中止
The shipping service has been suspended because of bad weather.因为天气恶劣，船运服务被暂停了。
Both governments are refusing to suspend hostilities.
两国政府都拒绝停止敌对行动。
2. hang sth. up悬挂
It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air.
躺在病床上，双腿吊挂的滋味可真不好受。
3. send sb. away from his/her school, job, position, etc. for a period of time, usu. as a punishment for doing sth. bad
He was suspended from school. 他被开除离校。
She was suspended from her job shortly after the incident. 事故发生后不久，她就被开除了。
suspension n. 暂停，中止; 悬挂，吊
6. preliminary a. coming before or preparing for a more important action or event预备的，初步的
a preliminary meeting 预备会议
In preliminary discussions, American officials rejected the requests. 在初步讨论中，美国官员拒绝了这些要求。
n. (usu. pl.) sth. done first, to introduce or prepare for later things 初步做法，准备工作
After a few polite preliminaries, we stated our main ideas.
几句开场白后，我们陈述了主要观点。
There are a lot of preliminaries to be gone through before you can visit certain foreign countries.在访问某些国家之前，你有许多准备工作要做。
7. magnet n. 1. [C] a person or thing that has a powerful attraction有强大吸引力的人或物
This disco is a magnet for young people.这种迪斯科舞厅对青年人很有吸引力。
The United States has always acted as a magnet to people seeking fame and fortune. 美国像磁铁一样吸引着寻求名利的人。
2. 磁铁，磁体
A magnet attracts nails.磁铁能吸铁钉。
He picked all the needles up with a magnet.他用磁铁捡起了所有的针。
8. reform v. 1) change sth. in order to make it better改革，改进，改良
reform the examination system 改革考试制度
You have to reform the management of the company. 你得改革公司的管理制度。
2) (cause to) behave better or fit into society better
He's done wrong in the past but he has made serious efforts to reform. 他过去做了错事，但现在在努力改过自新。
Our prisons aim to reform criminals, not simply to punish them. 我们的监狱旨在改造罪犯，而不仅仅是惩罚他们。
n. changes in sth. in order to make it better 改革，改造
a major reform to the system 对这一制度的重大改革
political reform in Eastern Europe 东欧的政治改革
a reform policy 一项改革政策
9. admission n. 1. [U] entering or being allowed to enter a building, society, school, etc.允许进入，准许加入
Admission to British universities depends on examination results.英国大学的录取依考试成绩而定。
Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only.
只有持邀请函者才可进入展览会。
2. [C, U] admitting承认，供认
I felt he would see my giving up as an admission that I was wrong.我觉得他会认为我放弃是承认自己错了。
They made admission that their newspaper had been fooling the public.他们承认自己的报纸一直在愚弄公众。
*Compare: admittance n. (fml.) being allowed to enter a place (esp. a private one); the right to enter 入场（权），入场许可
The journalist tried to gain admittance to the minister’s office. 记者力争获得进入部长办公室的权利。
No admittance. 禁止入内。
admit v.
10. workshop n. 1. [C] an occasion when a group of people meet to discuss a subject研讨会，讲习班
Dancers who attend the workshops find them very helpful.
参加研讨会的舞蹈演员们觉得很有帮助。
She runs a theatre workshop.她举办了一个戏剧研讨班。
2. [C] a room or building where things are made or repaired with machines or tools车间，工场，作坊
A workshop was built on his estate.他的庄园里建了一个工场。
Please tidy up the workshop when work is over.工作结束后，请整理车间。
11. utmost n. [U] the greatest or most extreme degree or point极限，最大限度
Our endurance was tested to the utmost.我们的忍耐力受到了最大限度的考验。
a. the greatest; the most possible 最大的，极度的
I need to speak to you on a matter of utmost importance.
我需要和你谈一件极为重要的事情。
His giving up has put us in a position of the utmost difficulty.
他的放弃已经把我们置于一个极度困难的境地。
12. faculty n. 1. (usually with the article “the”) teaching staff of a school, or a university or a college department (used with either a singular or a plural verb) 全体教员
The faculty has/have been invited to the meeting. 全体教职工都受邀参加该会议。
2. one department in a university, college, etc. 系,学院
the Faculty of Law 法律系
the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences 社会政治科学系
3. one of the natural abilities of a person's body or mind 能力，才能，资质
the faculty of hearing 听力
the faculty of sight 视力
13. curse v. say a word or expression which is not polite and shows that one is very angry with sb. or sth.诅咒，咒骂
I could curse her for losing my key! 她弄丢了我的钥匙，我真想骂她！
He missed the ball and cursed violently. 他没有接住球，便破口咒骂。
n. [C] an impolite word or words used to express anger诅咒，咒骂
She gave a couple of curses and then got up again.
她诅咒了两句，然后又站了起来。
With a curse, she picked up the papers from the ground.
她咒骂了一声，从地上捡起报纸。
Part Two: Text Analysis
1. see sb. or sth. as: consider sb. or sth. to be 认为某人或某物是……
Her classmates see her as a future President.
她的同学们把她看作是未来的总统。
Do you see the new leader as the hope of the party?
你认为新领导人是党的希望？
2. prepare sb. for sth.: make sb. ready for sth. 使做好准备
The doctor prepared my mother for her operation.
医生使我母亲做好接受手术的准备。
Prepare yourselves for a surprise when you go into the room.
你们走进这个房间时，要做好大吃一惊的准备。
3. spread (sth.) to: (cause to) reach sb. or sth. else（使）传播
Firemen succeeded in preventing the fire from spreading to other office buildings. 消防队员成功地防止了火势蔓延到其他办公楼。
We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends. 有人请我们把消息告诉所有的朋友。
If you allow the child to attend school he could spread the bad cold to all the other children. 如果你让孩子上学，他可能将重感冒传染给其他孩子。
4. spend sth. on sth./ (in) doing sth. : use time or money for a purpose在……上花
费时间或金钱
The government has been charged with spending too much on the sports buildings. 政府被指控建造这些体育场馆的费用过高。
This student seems to have spent too much effort on this piece of writing.
这个学生似乎在这篇文章上花的工夫太大了。
You've spent the whole afternoon in digging one small flower garden!
你翻一个小花园的地竟花了一个下午的时间！
He's spent most of his life working for the same company.
他一生的大部分时间都在同一家公司里工作。
5. Character First idea: the idea that character comes first
6. be scheduled to do: be arranged to do 被安排，定于
The train was scheduled to arrive at 10:30. 火车定于10点半到达。
The plane is scheduled to take off at 5 pm. 飞机定于下午5点起飞。
7. eye: vt. look at sb. or sth. closely 注视，观看，审视
Many people are eyeing the progress of the new project. 许多人在关注着这一新项目的进展。
She eyed him with suspicion. 她怀疑地看着他。
8. over one's protest: in spite of one's protest 在有异议的情况下
A nuclear plant was built in the area over the farmers' protests. 一座核电厂不顾农民的抗议在这个地区建了起来。
The nurse gave the boy an injection over his protest. 护士不顾男孩的抗议给他打了一针。
9. As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut. (Para. 5)
Meaning: The search for truth is prevailing in Maine, and the same thing happens at the school in Connecticut.
Please note that here “as” is used to compare situations (or sometimes actions) by saying that they are similar. For example:
In Greece, as in Italy, they use a lot of olive oil in cooking. 与在意大利一样，在希腊，人们做饭时用很多橄榄油。
In 1939, as in 1914, there was a great surge of patriotic feeling. 与1914年一样，1939年也出现了一股狂热的爱国潮。
10. put forth: use, show, or bring sth. such as strength into action
Putting forth a great effort, he uprooted the tree. 他使了很大的劲把树拔了出来。
11. morals: n. standards or principles of good behaviour 道德观念
Western ideas and morals 西方理念和道德观
They have no morals. 他们没有道德观念。
*Compare: morale n. 士气
The team's morale was high before the match. 赛前队员们的士气很高。
Low pay in recent years has led to low morale. 近年来的低工资导致了
士气低落。
12. complete with: including; having as an additional part 包括，备有
There is a good hotel not far from the city, complete with swimming pool and garden leading directly to the beach. 离城市不远有个很好的旅馆，带有游泳池和通向海滩的花园。
Our firemen came, of course, complete with rescue equipment, first aid kit, etc. 当然，消防队员来了，带有救援器械和医疗急救箱等。
13. do / try one's utmost: do / try one’s best 竭尽全力
I did my utmost to help. 我已尽力帮忙。
He will try his utmost to help them by means of his conventional medical knowledge. 他会尽力用他所知道的传统医疗知识来帮助他们。
14. work out: 1) plan, develop or produce by a process of thought计划，设计，想出
We must work out a better method of saving paper. 我们必须想出更
好的节省纸张的办法。
We’ll leave it to the committee to work out the details of the plan. 我们将让委员会来制定计划的具体细节。
2) find an answer to sth解决难题，找到... ...的方法
I'll give you ten minutes to work out the problem. 我将给你10分钟时间来解决这一问题。
We do have trouble in our relationship, but I feel that we can work it out between us without professional help. 我们的关系的确有问题，但我想我俩可以解决，不用请专业人士帮忙。
15. focus sth. on: concentrate (sth.) on（使）集中于
Please focus your minds on the following problem.
请你们聚精会神注意下一个问题。
We must focus our attention on the question of reducing costs.
我们必须把注意力集中在减少费用这个问题上。
16. kind of: (infml.) rather; a little bit 有点，有几分
I’m kind of worried about the interview. 我对面试有点担心。
I’m kind of tired from reading. 我读书读得有点累了。
Compare: of a kind: 1) very much the same
The friends were two of a kind — very similar in so
many ways. 这对朋友在很多方面都十分相似。
2) of poor quality
The village has a bus service of a kind — two buses a week! 这个乡村也算有公共汽车服务——一个星期才有两班车。
Compare: a kind of: (infml.) used for describing sth. in a way that is not very clear
I had a kind of feeling that something would go wrong. 我觉得似乎有什么地方会出问题。
There’s a funny kind of smell in here. 这儿有点古怪的气味。
Unit Three: Section B
Part One: New words
1. complex a. made up of several connected parts and often difficult to
understand; complicated难以理解的，复杂的
a complex system of management 复杂的管理制度
You can't expect to find a simple solution when the problem is so complex. 问题如此复杂时，不能指望有简单的解决方法。
n. 1) a group or set of things, esp. buildings, designed for a particular purpose
a shopping complex 购物中心
a sports complex 体育馆
2) a mental problem that causes sb. to worry or be upset about sth.
an inferiority complex 自卑情结
He’s got a complex about his height. 他为自己的身高而烦恼。
2. superior a. 1. better, stronger, etc. than sb./sth. else优于，强于
The match will show who is the superior player.
这场比赛将表明哪个球员更优秀。
2. better than average优良的，卓越的
We chose her for the job because she was superior.
我们选她做这份工作是因为她很优秀。
Our school provides a superior education.我们学校提供优质教育。
3. of higher rank or class（在职位、地位方面）较高的
I'll report you to your superior class.我要向你的上级告你！
He works well with those superior to him in the firm.
他和公司里的上司合作愉快。
n. [C] a person of higher rank, esp. in a job上级，上司
I'll have to ask my superiors about that. 那事我得问一下我的上级。
Mr. Ford is my immediate superior. 福特先生是我的顶头上司。
3. consensus n. [C, U] (usu. sing.) generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people共同看法，（意见等的）一致
There is no consensus among the experts on some foods. Advice changes depending on whom you listen to.
专家们对某些食物的看法并不一致。各有各的说法，要看你听谁的。
The consensus in the office is that he's useless at his job.
办公室成员一致认为他在工作中碌碌无为。
4. ministry n. [C] a department of the government(政府的)部
the Ministry of Defence国防部 the Ministry of Agriculture 农业部
the Ministry of Education 教育部 the Ministry of Finance 财政部
The army, navy and air force are all controlled by the Ministry of Defense. 陆、海、空三军由国防部指挥。
5. consult vt. 1. go to sb. for information, advice, etc. 请教，咨询，找……商量
I'm going to consult my best friend on the matter.
这件事我要征求我最好的朋友的意见。
Have you consulted your doctor about your illness?
关于你的病情，你找你的医生看过吗？
2. go to a book, etc. for information查阅，查看
Most of my students are able to consult English dictionaries for unknown words. 我的大部分学生能够用英语词典查找生词。
vi. exchange opinion, information, etc. with a person 交换意见，商议
He consulted with his partners before taking action.
他行动前和合伙人进行了协商。
consultation n. 会议，请教，咨询
consultant n. 咨询者，顾问，贡献意见的专家，顾问医师
6．delicate a. 1. showing or needing skill巧妙的，需技巧的，敏感的
The pay negotiations have reached a delicate stage.
工资谈判到了一个敏感的阶段。
2. needing careful treatment; easily damaged 易损的，娇嫩的
I'm not going to let anyone else pack my china; it's much too delicate. 我不打算让其他任何人来为我的瓷器打包，它太精致易碎了。
3. 美味的
delicacy n. 细致，优美，敏感，关心，虚弱；美味
7. owing a. (esp. of money that has been earned, lent or promised) not yet paid
应付的，未付的
We have several hundred pounds owing on our car.
我们的车还欠几百英镑未付清。
I've got ＄50 owing to me for a job I did last month.
上个月我做了份工作，还有50美元没付我呢。
8. successive a. coming one after the other in a series继续的，连续的
The school has won five successive games.
这个学校连续获得五场比赛的胜利。
It was the team's third successive defeat and their fourth defeat in
five matches. 这是该队连续第三次失败，也是五次比赛中的第四次失败。
succession n. 连续，继承权，继承者
successor n. 继承人，后继者，接任者，接班人
9. volume n. 1. [U] the amount of sth. 量，份量，额
The volume of book sales increased by 6.4% in Britain in the year to October. 这一年到10月份英国的书籍销售额增长了6.4%。
During the holiday season the post office handles a tremendous volume of mail. 每逢假期，邮局要处理大量的邮件。
2. [C] one in a set of related books（书的）卷，册
The library contains over a million volumes.
该图书馆有一百多万册藏书。
3. [U] the level of sound made by a TV, radio, etc.音量，响度
Could you turn the volume down, please, I'm trying to sleep.
请你把音量关小点好吗？我想要睡觉了。
He likes to listen to music with the radio turned on at full volume.
他听音乐时喜欢将收音机的音量开到最大。
4. [U] 体积，容积，容量
He calculated the volume of the sphere. 他计算了这一球体的体积。
10. feasible a. that can be done; possible 可行的，可能的，行得通的
It's quite feasible we'll get the money. 我们很有可能拿到这笔钱。
Now that we have the extra resources, the project seems economically feasible. 既然我们还有额外的经费来源，这个计划在经济上似乎是可行的。
feasibility n. 可能性，可行性，现实性
infeasible a. 不能实行的，办不到的，行不通的
11. sophisticated a. 1. complicated复杂的，尖端的
I think a more sophisticated way is needed to deal with the problem. 我想这个问题需要用一种更复杂的方法来解决。
I can't work this sophisticated new machine.
我不会操作这种新的精密机器。
2. showing much experience and knowledge 世故的,精通的
Sophisticated readers understood the book's hidden meaning. 老练的读者理解了这本书隐含的含义。
Her conversation showed her to be very sophisticated.
她的谈话表明她是个世故的人。
sophisticate vt. 使迷惑，使过于世故，使误解，诡辩
sophistication n. 诡辩，老于世故，矫揉造作，有教养，老练
12. operational a. 1. of, for or used in operations 操作(上)的；经营的
operational cost 运营成本
There are operational advantages in putting sales and production in the same building.
把销售部门和生产部门设在一幢大楼里有利于经营。
2. ready for use; ready to act 即可使用的，即可行动的
The telephone is operational again. 电话又可以使用了。
operation n. 手术，操作，动作，经营
13. dismiss vt. 1. remove sb. from a position 解雇，开除
We dismissed the cook because her cooking was so poor.
我们把厨师解雇了，因为她的烹调技术太差了。
2. 放弃（想法、感情等），不再考虑
He tried without success to dismiss the memory of her from his thoughts. 他试图把她忘掉，但做不到。
3. send away 解散，遣散
The teacher dismissed her class early. 老师提早下课了。
The host dismissed the servant when he talked with the guests.
当与客人交谈时，主人吩咐仆人退出。
14. provided conj. on the condition or understanding that如果，假若
He says he'll go traveling provided you do too.
他说要是你也去旅游的话，他就去。
Provided we get good weather, it will be a successful holiday.
如果我们遇到好天气，假期就会很顺利。
15. exert vt. 1. make an effort努力，用力，尽力
She'll have to exert herself more than she does now if she wants to succeed in sales.要想在销售方面成功，她将不得不加倍努力。
Please don't exert yourself, I can carry some things too.
请你别累坏了，我也可以扛些东西。
2. make (an ability or skill) into use运用（能力或技巧），发挥
If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision.如果你们运用你们的影响，他们可能会改变决定。
He exerted all his strength to pull the man out of the river.
他用尽全力把那个人从河里拉了上来。
exertion n. 费力，尽力，行使
16. flexible a. 1. able to change easily灵活的，可变通的，可适应的
We need a more flexible decision-making system.
我们需要一个更灵活的决策体系。
2. that can be bent easily 易弯曲的，柔韧的
This bag is made of flexible leather.这个包是由柔韧的皮革做成的。
inflexible a. that cannot be changed, influenced, etc. 不可改变的，不受影响的，不屈服的
The government has adopted an inflexible position.
政府采取了强硬的立场。
This type of computer is too slow and inflexible to meet many business needs. 这种计算机速度慢，不灵活，无法满足多种商业需要。
Part Two: Text Analysis
1. come to grips with (also get to grips with): start dealing with a problem in an
effective way着手解决(问题)或对付(挑战)
The speaker talked a lot, but never really came to grips with the subject.
那位演说者讲了许多，但始终没有真正涉及主题。
The new president's first task is to come to grips with the economy. 新总统的首要任务是着手解决经济问题。
2. work for: do work for; be hired by 为... ...工作，受雇于... ...
How long have you been working for this firm? 你在这家公司工作多久了？
3. in contrast to: contrasting 对比，比照
His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin.
他的白发与黑皮肤形成鲜明的对照。
In contrast to your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will
succeed. 你们认为我们会失败，而我却深信我们定会成功。
4. in some way: to a certain extent but not entirely 在某种意义上；有一点，有些
The changes are an improvement in some way.
从某种意义上说，这些变化是一种改进。
The work was well done in some way. 在某种程度上，这项工作干得很出色。
5. at the least: at least至少You may use at least or at the least and at the very least to say that something is the minimum that is the case or should be done, although you think that more than this might be possible in the circumstances.
eg: She could take a nice holiday at least. 她至少可以度个好假。
At the least, I needed some sleep. 我至少需要睡一会儿。
His possession of documents in his home was, at the very least, a
violation of Navy security regulations. 他把文件放在家里至少违反了海军的安全条例。
6. develop from: grow from; arise out of 源于
This tall tree develops from a small seed. 这棵大树源于一粒小种子。
Who knows what results will develop from your first success? 谁知道你的第
一个成功会带来什么结果？
7. Please note that the that-clause in the sentence modifies “characteristics”.
8. distinguish from: show the difference between; set apart from与... ...相区别
Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.
大象因其长长的鼻子而有别于其他动物。
There is something about music that distinguishes it from all other art forms. 音乐有其与其他艺术不同的东西。
9. from one's point of view: from one's position in life; in one's opinion
From my point of view it would be better to wait a little longer. 依我看，
最好再等一会儿。
From an advertiser's point of view, television is a wonderful medium. 从广告人的角度来看，电视是绝佳的媒体。
*Compare in one’s opinion: as one thinks
In my opinion people watch too much television. 我认为人们看电视看得太多了。
10. ereby: ad. in that way
We started our journey early, thereby avoiding most of the traffic. 我们早早
地上了路，因此避开了许多车辆。
Our bodies can sweat, thereby losing heat. 人体会出汗，以此来散发热量。
11. set up: cause or produce; establish造成，产生
The event set up a chain reaction in the stock markets. 这一事件引起了股
票市场的连锁反应。
A special committee has been set up to examine the details of the suggestion. 建立了一个特别委员会来考察建议的细节。
12. be true of: be valid, relevant, or applicable to
The same is true of all other cases. 其他情形也都这样。
I accept that the romance may have gone out of the marriage, but surely
this is true of many couples. 我承认婚姻没有了浪漫，但也肯定，许多夫妇都这样。
*Compare be true to: be loyal to
David was true to his wife. 大卫忠于自己的妻子。
She has been true to her word. 她没有食言。
13. drive n. a great effort by a group of people in order to achieve sth.
a sale drive 销售努力
They have played an important role in the drive towards peace. 他
们在努力争取和平方面发挥了重要作用。
14. fall through: fail to be completed失败，成为泡影
Our trip to Japan has fallen through. 我们去日本的行程落空了。
The plan fell through when it proved too costly. 当被证明成本过高时，该计划就落空了。
15. owing to: because of因为，由于
The match was cancelled owing to the bad weather. 因天气不好，比赛取消了。
He was out of work owing to a physical injury. 他因身体受伤而失去了工作。
*Compare due to: because of; caused by
As due is an adjective, it seems that due to should really be used only with nouns. His absence was due to the storm. But educated speakers are now beginning to use due to with verbs, thus treating due to like owing to or because of.
e.g. He arrived late due to/owing to the storm.
16. as well as: in addition to
He's worked in Japan as well as Italy. 他在日本和意大利都曾工作过。
It is in his best interests as well as yours. 这不仅最符合你的利益，而且也最符合他的利益。
17. But where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to devise a rather broad direction. (Para. 11) Meaning: The American side is demanding a specific decision. In contrast, the Japanese side is trying to set a rather broad direction.
Please note here “where” is a conjunction used to introduce a clause that contrasts with the other parts of the sentence.
For example, Where some people learned to play accordion for dances in their community, others took music lessons. 有些人学弹手风琴为其社区居民的舞蹈伴奏，另一些人则上音乐课。
Sometimes a teacher will be listened to, where a parent might not. 有时候学生会听老师的而可能不听家长的。
18. press for: urge; demand; keep requesting反复请求，紧急要求
The rent collector is pressing for payment again. 收租的又在催付租金了。
We must press for a reduction in the number of students in a class. 我们必须要求减少每个班级的学生人数。
19. on the other hand: (used for comparing different things or ideas) as an opposite point
On the one hand, of course, cars are very useful. But on the other hand, they cause a huge amount of pollution. 汽车当然很有用，可是另一方面，它们也造成大量的污染。
20. wonder at: be surprised by对... ...感到惊讶，惊叹
I wonder at your allowing him to do such a thing. 我真纳闷你竟然会允许他做这种事。
I don’t wonder at your shock! 对你的吃惊我不感到惊讶。
21. move forward: go ahead
At last the line of people waiting to go into the cinema began to move forward. 等待进入电影院的长队终于开始向前移动了。
They are moving forward into a better life. 他们的生活正向着更好的方向发展。
22. lag behind: be slower than; fail to remain level with走得慢，落后
He deliberately lagged behind so he could have a cigarette. 他为了抽烟故意落在后面。
Production is lagging behind last year’s total. 产量低于去年的总数。
23. take (the) time: use a certain amount of one's time to do sth.; make an effort
While he was in Britain making a film, he took time to see his parents. 当他在英国拍电影时， 他抽空去看了他父母。
He can’t even take time to visit his wife in hospital. 他甚至抽不出空去医院看他妻子。
24. in-depth: a. looking at all the details
an in-depth discussion 深入的讨论
an in-depth study 深刻的学习
25. take pride in: feel pleased and proud about
The manager took great pride in his team's success. 经理为他的队获得成功感到非常骄傲。
We take pride in offering you the highest standards. 我们为你们提供了最高标准，为此感到非常自豪。
26. paper traffic jam: difficulty in paper circulation 交易单流通堵塞
27. This volume is many times more than that of the New York Stock Exchange. (Para. 14)
Please note the word order in the phrase “ many times more than”: “x times” goes before “more than”; e.g. 3 times more than, 5 times more than, etc.
28. insist on: say or demand
He always insists on the best. 他向来坚持要最好的。
My parents insist on coming to see me. 我父母坚持要来看我。
29. in a pinch: if necessary but with some difficulty (This is American English. In British English we have at a pinch.) 必要时
We really need three but we could manage with two at a pinch. 我们确实需要三个，但必要时两个也可以应付。
Six people, and more in a pinch, could be seated comfortably at the table. 这张桌子可以舒舒服服地坐六个人，如果有必要，还可以多坐。
30. convert to: change to or use sth. else
People as they grow older often convert to new ways of thinking. 随着年龄增长，人们常常改变思维方式。
Does electricity convert easily to other forms of power? 电能很容易地变成其他形式的能源吗？
Difficulties were caused when Britain converted to a decimal money system. 当英国改用十进制货币体系时，出现了许多困难。
31. exert oneself: ake an effort 努力
You'll have to exert yourself more if you want to pass your exam.
如果你想通过考试，就必须更加努力。
She can run 100 meters in 13 seconds without exerting herself.
她不必费劲就能以13秒的成绩跑完100米。
